\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 17 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Rare earth. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\nNh\u00f3m 17 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/span><\/p>\nTrong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh y h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u0169 trang khi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n>> Xem th\u00eam:<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Celadon City – L\u1eafng nghe b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Q7 Boulevard – s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 mang t\u1edbi cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nTrong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ra sao. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- RE = R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm;<\/span><\/li>\n
- REM = kim lo\u1ea1i R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm;<\/span><\/li>\n
- REE = nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm;<\/span><\/li>\n
- REO = oxit R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm;<\/span><\/li>\n
- LREE = nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u1eb9 (La-Sm);<\/span><\/li>\n
- HREE = nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm n\u1eb7ng (Eu-Lu);<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm “hi\u1ebfm” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n
Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\nHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf qu\u1eb7ng \u0111en. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\nHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch l\u00ean t\u1edbi 98-99%. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt \u0111en Ytterbite.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nD\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e9. Trung \u00fay Carl Axel Arrhenius \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1800.<\/span><\/p>\nKho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi tay c\u1ee7a Johan Gadolin, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng gia Turku. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t oxit kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 yttria.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nL\u00fac n\u00e0y, Johan ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Berili v\u00e0 gadolinite t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1839, Carl Gustaf Mosander \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong qu\u1eb7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1842 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c didymia v\u00e0 lanthana thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/span><\/p>\nSau d\u1ea7n, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang tac \u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m:<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Diamond Lotus Lakeview: C\u0103n h\u1ed9 xanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Q2 Th\u1ea3o \u0110i\u1ec1n – D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nV\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nam ch\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- G\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nam ch\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec3n kho\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n
- L\u00e0m ra \u0111\u00e8n cathode trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ecdc h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n
- D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c ion \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t quang trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00eam m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho k\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1eaft h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 da d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft <\/span>nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\nHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n